Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Tuesday, July 7, 2009
Monday, July 6, 2009
Armenians in the new Constitution of Kurdistan
New constitution of Iraqi Kurdistan is a model for the nationality and minority politics of the Near-east
The Society for Threatened Peoples (GfbV) has described the new constitution of the autonomous federal state of Iraqi Kurdistan as a shining model for the nationality politics and the solution of the minority problems in the Near-east. “The rights of all large ethnic groups in Iraqi Kurdistan are expressly anchored, including the right to self-government and freedom of religion”, said the President of the GfbV International, Tilman Zülch, on Tuesday in Göttingen. Smaller communities too have the opportunity to develop. (entfalten”) The regional parliament in Arbil, the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan, passed the draft constitution last week. Now it is for the citizens of the federal state to vote for or against the new constitution at the presidential and parliamentary elections scheduled for 25th July [2009].
The wishes of all nationalities have been respected in the new constitution. Article 15 says: “The people of the federal state of Iraqi Kurdistan is made up of Kurds, Arabs, Turkmens, Chaldaic Aramean Assyrians, Armenians and other citizens of Kurdistan /Iraq.”
The Society for Threatened Peoples (GfbV) has described the new constitution of the autonomous federal state of Iraqi Kurdistan as a shining model for the nationality politics and the solution of the minority problems in the Near-east. “The rights of all large ethnic groups in Iraqi Kurdistan are expressly anchored, including the right to self-government and freedom of religion”, said the President of the GfbV International, Tilman Zülch, on Tuesday in Göttingen. Smaller communities too have the opportunity to develop. (entfalten”) The regional parliament in Arbil, the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan, passed the draft constitution last week. Now it is for the citizens of the federal state to vote for or against the new constitution at the presidential and parliamentary elections scheduled for 25th July [2009].
The wishes of all nationalities have been respected in the new constitution. Article 15 says: “The people of the federal state of Iraqi Kurdistan is made up of Kurds, Arabs, Turkmens, Chaldaic Aramean Assyrians, Armenians and other citizens of Kurdistan /Iraq.”
Article 35 says: “This constitution guarantees the national, cultural and administrative rights of the Turkmens, Arabs, Chaldaic Aramean Assyrians and Armenians including their right to regional autonomy in the regions and communities in which these ethnic groups form a majority.”
Article 36 guarantees complete freedom of religion also for the Christian denominations and the religious community of the Yezidi.
Apart from the Kurdish and Arab languages Turkmen, New Aramaic and Armenian are recognized as languages of the smaller nationalities. In communities or regions where these form the majority local or regional autonomy is granted. The right to native language instruction is guaranteed by the constitution from primary school to university.
An electoral law for Kurdistan also sets down that eleven of the 111 seats in the regional parliament are reserved for non-Kurdish nationalities:
Apart from the Kurdish and Arab languages Turkmen, New Aramaic and Armenian are recognized as languages of the smaller nationalities. In communities or regions where these form the majority local or regional autonomy is granted. The right to native language instruction is guaranteed by the constitution from primary school to university.
An electoral law for Kurdistan also sets down that eleven of the 111 seats in the regional parliament are reserved for non-Kurdish nationalities:
five seats each for Turkmens and Christians and one seat for the small Armenian ethnic group. For the provincial councils also a comprehensive quota system has been introduced. In Sulaimaniya one seat has been reserved for the Chaldaic Aramean Assyrians, In Arbil there are three seats for the Turkmens, two for the Aramaic-speaking Christians and one for the Armenians, while in Dohuk two seats are reserved for the Aramaic-speaking Christians and one for the Armenians. The smaller peoples will be having as a result of their guaranteed seats in all bodies more representatives than corresponds to their percentage in the total population.
In Kurdistan/Iraq there is today a Turkmen and a New Aramaic school system with 58 Aramaic, 16 Turkmen and two Armenian schools. Both nationalities have media (press, radio, TV and culture institutes) in their languages. There is also a private Turkish university and a theological seminar of the Chaldaic Catholic Church for the training of priests, which following the recent mass flight of Christians from Baghdad was transferred to the Kurd capital of Arbil.
Pirtûka HECIYÊ CINDÎ: JIYAN Û KAR Û MALBATA CINDÎ
Eta (xwunga mazin) me Frîda Hecî Cewarî qîza navîn a kurdê navdar, qîza pêþengek ji civaka kurdên Qefqazê, qîza nivîsevan û zimannasê (fîlolog) naskirî, qîza hêja Heciyê Cindî (1908-1990) ye.
Frîda Cewarî sala 1934'ân Li Rewan'ê (Erîvan) hatiye dunyayê. Frîda Hecî Cewarî li zankoya (unîvêrsîteya) Moskovayê beþê pêdagogîyê û fakûltêta fîzîk-matêmatîkê biriye serî.
Ji hingê ve, li Rewanê ev e 50 sal e ku mamostetiya matêmatîkê ya Kolêca Rewanê dike. Hozanê navdar ê kurdê Qefqazê, Fêrikê Ûsiv (1934- 1997) ku ji vê çend salan berê çû ber dilovaniya Xwedê mêrê Xatûn Frîda Hecî Cewarî bû.
Frîda Cewarî ji bo yadgariya sedsaliya bûyina bavê xwe (2008) Heciyê Cindî, pirtûka bi navê Heciye Cindî - Jiyan û Kar derhaniye. Vê berhemê du caran jî daye weþandinê. Çapa duduyan bi alîkariya Înstîtuya Kurdî ya Parîsê hatiye derxistin.
Jiyana Heciyê Cindî, ji hêla her kurdekî kurdhez û wêjehez ve baþ dihêt naskirinê. Hecî li saxiya xwe ji ser 80 sernav (title) pirtûk derhanî û pirtûkxaneya kurdî pê dewlemendtir kir. Ev berhem xwedî babetên zaniyarî, wêjeyî yên cihêreng bûn. Hem berhemên ji ber pênûsa Hecî û hem jî berhemên wek karê wî yê wergêrvaniyê ên wek gelêrî (folklorî), perwerdeyî (pedagogî) bûn. Li pey koçkirina wî, li gor Eta Frîda, pênc (5) berhemên wî yên destnivîskî yên çapnebûyî jê mane. Bi xebat û lebata xwe ya xwandina zanistiyê, Heciyê Cindî hilkiþiya qada profêsoriyê.
Heciyê Cindî di sala 1908'ê de, li gundê Amançayirê, girêdayê Qersê ji dayîk bûye. Di salên 1918'an de, ji ber komkujî û hêrîþên leþkerên tirkan, ew koçber dibin û derbasî aliyê Sovyetê dibin. Li wir Hecî bê xwedî dimîne, dikeve sêwîxaneyê.
Li sêwîxaneyê bi sedan zarokên bêxwedî re perwerdeyên sereke û yên navînê wergirtiye. Sala 1929'an, derbasî qursa amadekirina mamostayetiyê bûye. Di sala 1930'an de, ketiye Fakulteya Rewanê (Erîvan) a zimannasiyê. Her wisan jî ew dibe xwendevanê kurd yê yekemîn ku li Ermenîstanê di fakultê de xwandin kiriye.
Heciyê Cindî gorbuhuþt, di sala 1932'an de, li nav civaka kurdî ya li Qefqazê, dest bi berhevkirina materyalên zargotina (folklora) Kurdî dike. Her wiha jî ji sala 1930'an de, di rojnameya Riya Teze û di Radoya Kurdî de (ku tenê nûçe diweþandin) dixebite.
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